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Discrete modelling of railway ballast
Dubina, Radek ; Petr,, Frantík (referee) ; Eliáš, Jan (advisor)
For modeling of particulate materials, discrete element method (DEM) is commonly used. It perceives every particle like a single body. A railway ballast loading by trains is a typical example of a particulate discrete material. By a passing train, static and dynamic forces act on a track bed. Cycling loading results in pernament changes in the railway ballast. Cavity creation, agglomeration and ballast cracking lead to damages in rail traffic. Usage of the discrete element method may reveal the real issues of the railway ballast and it may leads to a reduction of costs associated with a design and repairs. This thesis is focused on the ballast modeling and identification of the discrete model parameters. Obtained results are compared with real experiments from Nottingham University.
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Sensitivity Analysis of the Material Parameters Obtained from the Measurements
Fuis, Vladimír
The paper deals with sensitivity analysis of the material parameters of the ceramic material on the dispersion of the measured data from the sensors. Material parameters of ceramic material are calculated from a set of destruction tests of ceramic heads of total hip joint replacements. The standard way of calculation of the ceramic material parameters consists in carrying out a set of 3 (or 4) point bending tests of specimens which were cut out from parts of the ceramic material to be analysed. In case of ceramic heads of the prosthesis, it is not possible to cut out specimens of required dimensions because the heads are too small. On that score, a special testing jig was made, in which 40 heads were destructed. From the measured values of circumferential strains of the head’s external spherical surface under destruction (by the sensors – strain gauges), the state of stress in the head under destruction was established using the finite elements method. From the obtained values the material parameters of the ceramic material were calculated using Weibull’s weakest-link theory. The calculated material parameters (Weibull modulus m and normalized volume strength σo, the last material parameter – stress σu is assumed to be equal 0 and corresponds to the conservative approach) has the dispersion and the influence of this dispersion (in our case the dispersion ± 5 % is assumed) is analysed in detail.
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Discrete modelling of railway ballast
Dubina, Radek ; Petr,, Frantík (referee) ; Eliáš, Jan (advisor)
For modeling of particulate materials, discrete element method (DEM) is commonly used. It perceives every particle like a single body. A railway ballast loading by trains is a typical example of a particulate discrete material. By a passing train, static and dynamic forces act on a track bed. Cycling loading results in pernament changes in the railway ballast. Cavity creation, agglomeration and ballast cracking lead to damages in rail traffic. Usage of the discrete element method may reveal the real issues of the railway ballast and it may leads to a reduction of costs associated with a design and repairs. This thesis is focused on the ballast modeling and identification of the discrete model parameters. Obtained results are compared with real experiments from Nottingham University.
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Calculation of the Ceramics Material Parameters from the Testing Destructions of the Heads
Fuis, Vladimír ; Návrat, Tomáš ; Hlavoň, Pavel
This paper deals with increasing of the computation modelling level of the reliability problem of ceramic heads of total hip joint endoprostheses. The solution to this problem was invoked by recent more frequent failures of these heads in clinical practice. Results of computational and experimental modelling have shown a substantial influence of shape deviations in the conical connection between stem and head on the initiation of ceramic head fractures. The fracture probability was evaluated step by step for various macroscopic shape deviations in the conical connection and then for microscopic shape deviations superposed on the macroscopic deviations.
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